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A knee medical procedure is a significant decision for those who have struggled with persistent knee pain or loss of function due to injury and lingering conditions. As a crucial joint in our body, the knee endures constant stress and movement, making it susceptible to wear, injury, and malfuction.
Written by
Angel Rigueras
Pain Management Specialist
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Written by
Angel Rigueras
Pain Management Specialist
Share
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This blog will give you an overview of the types of knee surgeries, essential preparations for surgery, and a realistic understanding of what to expect during recovery.
The knee joint is a complex structure composed of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons that enable movement, stability, and weight-bearing. It connects the femur (thigh bone) to the tibia (shin bone), with the patella (kneecap) sitting at the front of the knee.
Cartilage cushions the bones, while ligaments stabilize the joint, allowing for controlled bending, straightening, and rotation.
Knee muscles, primarily the quadriceps and hamstrings, provide additional support for smooth and balanced movement. This intricate anatomy makes the knee highly functional and prone to injuries and possible degenerative changes.
Knee surgery becomes a recommended option when specific conditions lead to persistent, severe pain or functional impairment, and non-surgical treatments no longer provide relief. Common conditions that may require surgical intervention include:
There are several types of knee surgeries, each tailored to address specific conditions or injuries. Understanding the options can help patients feel more informed and confident about their treatment decisions.
Arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgery often used to diagnose and treat knee problems, such as torn meniscus, damaged cartilage, or inflamed joint tissue. Surgeons insert a small camera and surgical instruments through tiny incisions, enabling precise repairs with minimal disruption to surrounding tissue. This approach often leads to shorter recovery times and less postoperative pain.
For patients with significant ligament injuries—such as an ACL or PCL tear—ligament reconstruction surgery may be recommended. The procedure involves using tissue grafts, either from the patient (autografts) or a donor (allografts), to replace the torn ligament. This surgery helps restore knee stability, especially for those with an active lifestyle who engage in sports or activities that require frequent pivoting or directional changes.
This procedure removes and replaces only the damaged portion of the knee with artificial components, preserving as much of the natural joint as possible. Partial knee replacements can often result in a more natural-feeling knee post-surgery and a faster recovery than total knee replacement.
When knee damage is extensive, a total knee replacement may be necessary. This surgery involves removing damaged cartilage and bone from the entire knee joint and replacing them with prosthetic components designed to replicate the natural movement of the knee.
Total knee replacement is highly effective in reducing pain, improving mobility, and enhancing quality of life, especially for patients with advanced arthritis.
Preparing for knee surgery involves several steps to ensure the best possible outcome and a smoother recovery process. Here’s what patients should know and do before the procedure:
Before surgery, patients undergo a thorough evaluation, including physical exams, blood tests, and possibly imaging scans like X-rays or MRIs.
These assessments help the surgical team evaluate the joint structure, plan the surgery, and ensure patients are physically prepared for the procedure. Your UOC team may also request that you discontinue certain medications, especially blood thinners, in the days leading up to surgery to reduce the risk of complications.
Making healthy lifestyle changes can have a positive impact on surgery outcomes and recovery. Quitting smoking, reducing alcohol intake, and maintaining a balanced diet can all aid healing.
Smokers, in particular, are encouraged to quit, as smoking can slow down the body’s ability to heal by reducing blood flow and oxygenation to tissues.
Planning ahead for your recovery period is essential. Arrange for someone to drive you home after surgery, as you’ll be unable to operate a vehicle safely due to anesthesia and post-surgery discomfort.
Set up a recovery space in your home with comfortable seating, easy access to daily essentials, and mobility aids such as crutches or a walker if needed. Many patients find it helpful to have a support person to assist with daily tasks in the first few days after surgery.
Determining who is suitable for knee replacement surgery requires careful consideration of several factors. Suitable candidates generally exhibit the following characteristics:
While knee replacement can be transformative, it may not be suitable for individuals with certain health conditions that complicate recovery, such as severe obesity, advanced osteoporosis, or joint infections. Your UOC surgical team can evaluate your unique needs to determine the best course of action.
On the day of surgery, patients are typically asked to arrive early to allow time for check-in, preoperative preparation, and anesthesia. Your UOC surgical team will walk you through the process, ensuring you understand each step and feel as comfortable as possible.
Depending on the procedure, either general anesthesia (you’re fully asleep) or regional anesthesia (numbing only the lower body) may be used. The surgery length can vary based on the type of knee surgery being performed, but most procedures are completed within one to two hours. Afterward, patients are moved to a recovery area, where they’re closely monitored as anesthesia wears off. Your UOC team will also provide guidance on post-surgery care and pain management.
The recovery process varies depending on the type of surgery, but proper care and rehabilitation are key to a successful outcome.
In the days following surgery, pain management and controlled movement are crucial. Your UOC team will provide pain-relief medications and may recommend icing the knee to reduce swelling.
Gentle movement exercises are typically encouraged early on to promote blood flow, prevent stiffness, and kickstart the recovery process.
Physical therapy is integral to knee surgery recovery, as it helps rebuild strength, mobility, and flexibility in the knee joint.
Your physical therapist will design a personalized exercise plan, gradually advancing to more intensive activities as you heal. Adhering to this regimen is essential for regaining function and achieving the best possible outcome.
Full recovery can take several months, particularly for more extensive procedures like total knee replacement. Patients are encouraged to attend follow-up appointments with their UOC surgeon to monitor progress and address any concerns.
By adhering to recommended lifestyle changes and staying active, patients can maximize the long-term benefits of knee surgery and prevent future injuries.
University Orthopedic Care is committed to providing exceptional knee surgery care, with board-certified orthopedic surgeons who specialize in advanced, patient-centered treatments.
Our team is equipped with the latest surgical technology, allowing us to deliver highly effective, minimally invasive procedures in comfortable, state-of-the-art facilities. UOC prioritizes patient education and support, ensuring individuals feel well-informed and confident in their treatment choices from the first consultation through recovery.
Our patient-focused approach means we are there to help before, during, and after surgery, guiding you toward an active and pain-free life.
Knee surgery can be transformative, relieving pain and restoring function when non-surgical treatments are no longer effective.
By understanding the surgical options, preparing for the procedure, and committing to the recovery process, patients can expect improved quality of life and mobility.
At University Orthopedic Care, our experienced orthopedic team is ready to guide you through every step, with a dedication to personalized care, leading technology, and proven expertise.
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